IMPACTOS DE CONTAMINANTES EMERGENTES NA SAÚDE HUMANA E SEGURANÇA HÍDRICA: UMA ANÁLISE INTERDISCIPLINAR COM FOCO NAS BACIAS PCJ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n3-014Palavras-chave:
Bacias PCJ, Contaminantes Emergentes, Saúde Humana, Qualidade da Água, Gestão de Recursos HídricosResumo
As Bacias dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ) enfrentam desafios críticos de segurança hídrica devido à intensa urbanização e atividades agroindustriais, que introduzem uma complexa carga de poluentes nos corpos d’água. O problema de pesquisa central reside na necessidade de compreender como os contaminantes emergentes (físico-químicos e microbiológicos) impactam a saúde humana e a integridade ecossistêmica, especialmente em um cenário de vulnerabilidade climática e social. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e mapear esses contaminantes e seus efeitos na saúde pública, avaliando a eficácia dos métodos de detecção atuais. A metodologia adotou uma abordagem mista, fundamentada em uma revisão sistemática da literatura conforme o protocolo PRISMA e a estratégia PICO. Foram analisados 37 artigos selecionados em bases de dados de alto impacto (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science), filtrados de um universo inicial de 3.135 publicações. Os resultados revelam uma dicotomia espacial: áreas industriais apresentam alta incidência de metais pesados e compostos orgânicos persistentes, enquanto regiões com déficit de saneamento sofrem com contaminação microbiológica. Identificou-se uma correlação direta entre a qualidade da água e o aumento de doenças infecciosas, riscos oncológicos e resistência antimicrobiana. O estudo conclui que a gestão sustentável nas Bacias PCJ exige a implementação de monitoramento avançado e políticas públicas integradas que priorizem a proteção de populações vulneráveis e a segurança hídrica.
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