TECNOLOGIA DE BIOFLOCOS NA AQUICULTURA: FUNDAMENTOS, AVANÇOS E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA O DESEMPENHO E A SAÚDE ANIMAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n3-042Palavras-chave:
Bioflocos, Aquicultura Sustentável, Microbiota Aquática, Desempenho Zootécnico, Saúde AnimalResumo
A tecnologia de bioflocos (Biofloc Technology – BFT) tem se destacado como uma alternativa sustentável para a intensificação da aquicultura, ao integrar o controle da qualidade da água, a reciclagem de nutrientes e a melhoria do desempenho zootécnico dos organismos cultivados. Esta revisão teve como objetivo sintetizar os principais avanços científicos relacionados aos fundamentos, ao manejo e às aplicações da BFT, com ênfase nos impactos sobre a microbiota aquática, a saúde animal e a eficiência produtiva. Foram abordados os princípios de formação dos bioflocos, destacando a importância do controle da relação carbono:nitrogênio, da aeração contínua e do monitoramento dos parâmetros físico-químicos da água para a estabilidade do sistema. Adicionalmente, discutiu-se o papel dos bioflocos como fonte nutricional complementar, contribuindo para o aproveitamento de nutrientes, melhora da conversão alimentar e estímulo das respostas imunológicas. Avanços recentes, como o uso de bioflocos líquidos formulados com cepas selecionadas de bactérias benéficas, especialmente Bacillus subtilis, produzidos em biofábricas, também foram analisados, evidenciando vantagens em relação ao biofloco convencional, como maior padronização microbiológica e rápida colonização do sistema. De modo geral, a BFT apresenta elevado potencial para promover sistemas aquícolas mais eficientes, resilientes e ambientalmente sustentáveis, desde que associada a um manejo técnico adequado e a uma abordagem integrada entre nutrição, microbiologia e qualidade da água.
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