AWARENESS ON RABIES PREVENTION IN DRAFT HORSES USED BY CARTERS

Abstract

Rabies is a viral zoonosis of high lethality that affects all mammals and represents a serious public health concern. In the municipality of Imperatriz, Maranhão State (Brazil), social vulnerability, low educational level, and the use of draft horses expose both animals and their owners to risks of infection. This study aimed to raise awareness among carters about rabies, identify knowledge gaps, and assess limiting factors in access to animal health services. Extension activities were conducted in ten neighborhoods, where structured questionnaires were applied to 50 participants addressing clinical signs, vaccination practices, access to veterinary care, and socioeconomic conditions. After data collection, educational leaflets were distributed, providing information on disease prevention and appropriate actions in suspected cases. Results showed that 72% of respondents depended exclusively on animal traction for income, 82% earned up to two minimum wages, and 92% had low educational attainment. It was observed that 62% of horses had never received veterinary care, mainly due to lack of financial resources (42.9%) and access to professionals (40%). Vaccination coverage was insufficient, with 60% of animals unvaccinated, and 46% of respondents believed rabies was curable. However, 76% stated they would report suspected cases, demonstrating potential for community participation in disease control. These findings indicate that low vaccination rates, misinformation, and socioeconomic exclusion hinder rabies prevention, emphasizing the need for continuous educational initiatives and expanded access to veterinary services.