DIAGNÓSTICO Y MANEJO DE LA ATRESIA ESOFÁGICA EN EL PERÍODO NEONATAL: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA EVIDENCIA ACTUAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-069Palabras clave:
Atresia Esofágica, Recién Nacido, Diagnóstico, Tratamiento, Cuidados NeonatalesResumen
La atresia esofágica en el período neonatal se destaca por la complejidad diagnóstica y el manejo clínico-quirúrgico especializado, siendo relevante para la reducción de la morbimortalidad neonatal. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia disponible sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de la atresia esofágica en recién nacidos, enfatizando la identificación precoz, la intervención oportuna y la atención multiprofesional. Se trata de una revisión sistemática realizada conforme a las recomendaciones PRISMA y registrada en PROSPERO bajo el número CRD420261361849, con búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS/BVS y SciELO, en el período de 2016 a 2026. Los hallazgos demostraron que el diagnóstico precoz, especialmente en el período prenatal, asociado a la confirmación clínica y radiológica posnatal, reduce las complicaciones. Además, el manejo quirúrgico temprano combinado con cuidados intensivos neonatales especializados favorece mejores resultados clínicos y mayor supervivencia. Se concluye que la estandarización de las conductas diagnósticas y terapéuticas, asociada al fortalecimiento de la atención multiprofesional, es fundamental para mejorar el pronóstico neonatal.
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