DESAFÍOS Y PERSPECTIVAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN PARA LA SALUD EN LA TRANSICIÓN DE UN MODELO CENTRADO EN EL HOSPITAL A LA PROMOCIÓN DE LA SALUD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-073Palabras clave:
Educación para la Salud, Promoción de la Salud, Modelo Hospitalario, Cambio de Paradigma, Tecnologías Digitales en SaludResumen
Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica analiza la transición del modelo hospitalario (biomédico) al paradigma de la promoción de la salud, centrándose en el papel estratégico de la educación para la salud en este proceso. El modelo biomédico tradicional es criticado por su carácter reduccionista, fragmentado e insostenible económicamente, especialmente ante el aumento de las enfermedades crónicas. La educación para la salud se presenta como una herramienta fundamental para este cambio, abarcando desde enfoques tradicionales para el cambio de comportamiento hasta perspectivas emancipadoras basadas en Paulo Freire. Se identifican múltiples barreras para una implementación efectiva: creencias intrapersonales de los profesionales, deficiencias en la formación académica, resistencia institucional, un enfoque sistémico en la atención curativa y baja alfabetización en salud en la comunidad. En cuanto a las perspectivas futuras, se destacan la Declaración de Astana (OMS), el concepto de "Salud en todas las políticas", modelos innovadores de atención integral como el Modelo de los Dos Círculos y la integración de tecnologías digitales (inteligencia artificial, dispositivos portátiles, genómica, telesalud). Se concluye que una transición efectiva requiere esfuerzos coordinados en la reforma curricular, la asignación de recursos, la formación profesional, la promoción de la alfabetización en salud y la integración ética de las tecnologías digitales.
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