OCCURRENCE AND SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER OF AN URBAN WATERSHED IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n3-048Keywords:
Sustainability, Groundwater, ContaminationAbstract
Considering the increasing occurrence of emerging contaminants, especially pharmaceuticals, in urban aquatic environments and their still limited inclusion in environmental monitoring programs, it becomes necessary to investigate their presence in surface and groundwater associated with anthropogenic pressures. The objective is to evaluate the occurrence, spatial distribution, and temporal variation of pharmaceuticals in the Ribeirão Cambé watershed, in Londrina (PR), as well as to analyze their relationship with nutrients and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). To this end, water samples were collected at points distributed along the longitudinal gradient of the stream and from wells representing shallow and deep aquifers, followed by the determination of nitrogenous nutrients, DOC, and emerging contaminants. The analysis considered different sampling periods, allowing the evaluation of spatial and seasonal patterns. Thus, an increase in nitrate concentrations, DOC, and pharmaceutical diversity was observed toward the downstream area, in addition to a higher frequency and variability of compounds in shallow aquifers, indicating greater vulnerability to the infiltration of diffuse urban sources. Temporal influence on the detected concentrations was also verified. This allows the conclusion that the presence of pharmaceuticals is associated with anthropogenic pressures and the urban dynamics of the watershed, reinforcing the need for continuous monitoring of emerging contaminants integrated with the assessment of nutrients and dissolved organic matter.
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