DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Y MODELADO ECOLÓGICO DE INFECCIONES POR TRYPANOSOMA (TRYPANOSOMATIDAE) EN RANAS SUDAMERICANAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov16n5-291Palabras clave:
Modelado del Nicho Ecológico, MaxEnt, Parásitos Anuros, Idoneidad ClimáticaResumen
Los tripanosomátidos del género Trypanosoma incluyen especies ampliamente distribuidas en vertebrados, pero su presencia en anuros neotropicales aún es poco explorada. En este estudio, realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura disponible sobre infecciones por Trypanosoma en anuros de Sudamérica y recopilamos registros georreferenciados para caracterizar su distribución conocida. Además, empleamos el modelado de nicho ecológico (MaxEnt) para estimar áreas de aptitud climática favorables para la presencia del parásito en el continente. Nuestros resultados muestran que los registros se concentran principalmente en Brasil, abarcando alrededor de 30 especies de anuros pertenecientes a múltiples familias, mientras que extensas áreas de Sudamérica permanecen sin muestrear. El modelo mostró un rendimiento satisfactorio (AUC = 0,75) e indicó que las regiones del Cerrado y las zonas de transición con la Amazonia y el Pantanal presentan una mayor probabilidad climática de presencia, influenciada principalmente por la temperatura media anual, la precipitación anual y la estacionalidad de las precipitaciones. La superposición entre áreas de alta aptitud y puntos de presencia refuerza el papel de las variables climáticas como predictores de la distribución del parásito. Nuestros resultados revelan una diversidad aún subestimada de Trypanosoma en anfibios neotropicales y resaltan la necesidad de ampliar los esfuerzos de muestreo e incorporar enfoques integrados para la caracterización taxonómica y ecológica de estos parásitos.
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