APITOXINA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL DOLOR ARTICULAR INFLAMATORIO, MUSCULOESQUELÉTICO, FIBROMIALGIA Y DOLOR CRÓNICO: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA (2015-2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-144Palabras clave:
Veneno de Abeja, Antiinflamatorio, Artritis Reumatoide, Dolor CrónicoResumen
Objetivo: Consolidar la evidencia científica (2015-2025) sobre el uso terapéutico de la apitoxina (veneno de Apis mellifera) en afecciones inflamatorias de las articulaciones, el sistema musculoesquelético, la fibromialgia y el dolor crónico. Metodología: Revisión sistemática narrativa con búsquedas en PubMed, PMC, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando los descriptores: veneno de abeja, apitoxina, artritis reumatoide, osteoartritis, fibromialgia, dolor crónico, musculoesquelético. Se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA), revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis publicados entre 2015 y 2025. Resultados: La apitoxina demuestra eficacia antiinflamatoria y analgésica al inhibir la vía NF-κB y suprimir TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 y COX-2. Un metaanálisis (Sung et al., 2025) confirmó una reducción significativa del dolor (DM: -16,93; IC del 95%: -26,35 a -7,51; p < 0,0001). Se encontró evidencia sólida para la artritis reumatoide y la osteoartritis; datos prometedores para la fibromialgia y el dolor crónico. Conclusión: El veneno de abeja, especialmente en forma purificada (≤30 kDa, liofilizado), constituye una plataforma terapéutica innovadora con un perfil de seguridad favorable cuando se realiza una evaluación de alergias, lo que requiere ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de fase II/III para indicaciones específicas.
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