POTENCIAL HIPOGLUCÉMICO DE GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA LAM.: UNA REVISIÓN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov16n4-085Palabras clave:
Guazuma ulmifolia, Agente Hipoglucemiante, Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, Productos NaturalesResumen
La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es uno de los mayores desafíos para la salud mundial, que exige alternativas terapéuticas seguras y eficaces. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (mutamba), tradicionalmente utilizada en la medicina popular latinoamericana, ha despertado interés científico debido a su potencial hipoglucemiante. Esta revisión recopila y analiza críticamente la evidencia fitoquímica, preclínica y clínica sobre la especie. Estudios indican que sus extractos son ricos en flavonoides, taninos condensados, proantocianidinas y ácidos fenólicos, compuestos asociados con la modulación de la captación de glucosa, la inhibición de enzimas digestivas, la acción antioxidante y la actividad antiinflamatoria. Ensayos in vitro e in vivo demuestran un aumento de la captación de glucosa mediada por la vía PI3K/Akt, una mejora del perfil lipídico y una reducción de los niveles de glucosa en sangre en modelos animales. Un ensayo clínico preliminar informó una reducción significativa de la glucemia en ayunas y la HbA1c, aunque en una formulación combinada, lo que limita la atribución de los efectos exclusivamente a G. ulmifolia. A pesar de los prometedores resultados, persisten importantes deficiencias, como la escasez de ensayos clínicos con extractos aislados y la ausencia de estudios de toxicidad crónica y farmacocinética. Se concluye que G. ulmifolia tiene un potencial significativo como candidata para el desarrollo de remedios herbales para el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2, pero requiere mayor investigación para consolidar su eficacia y seguridad.
Descargas
Referencias
ADNYANA, I. K. et al. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, v. 7, n. 3, p. 158–164, 2013.
ALARCÓN-AGUILAR, F. J. et al. Study of the anti-hyperglycemic effect of plants used as antidiabetics. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 61, n. 2, p. 101–110, 1998.
ALONSO-CASTRO, A. J.; SALAZAR-OLIVO, L. A. The anti-diabetic properties of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam are mediated by stimulation of glucose uptake in normal and diabetic adipocytes without inducing adipogenesis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 118, n. 2, p. 252–256, 2008.
ANDRADE-CETTO, A. et al. Hypoglycemic effect of Eucalyptus globulus and Guazuma ulmifolia in diabetic rats. Phytotherapy Research, v. 16, p. 403–407, 2002.
BASTOS, J. K. et al. Phytochemical study and evaluation of antioxidant activity of extracts from Guazuma ulmifolia. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, v. 28, n. 3, p. 289–296, 2018.
BORGES, G. S. C. et al. Medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potential: A systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v. 21, n. 1, p. 106–116, 2019.
CHEN, L. et al. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, v. 2019, p. 1–14, 2019.
FERREIRA, M. E. et al. Traditional use and pharmacological properties of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae): A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 174, p. 324–340, 2015.
GÓMEZ-SÁNCHEZ, M. et al. Effect of polyphenolic extracts from Guazuma ulmifolia on carbohydrate digesting enzymes. Food Chemistry, v. 256, p. 267–273, 2018.
HALLIWELL, B. et al. Role of free radicals and antioxidants in the development of diabetes. Clinical Science, v. 112, n. 4, p. 183–194, 2007.
IDF – INTERNATIONAL DIABETES FEDERATION. Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. Brussels: IDF, 2024.
KATARIA, Y. et al. Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current Diabetes Reviews, v. 14, n. 5, p. 442–451, 2018.
LI, X. et al. Plant-derived polyphenols in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Pharmacological Research, v. 130, p. 451–465, 2018.
LIMA, S. F. et al. Hypoglycemic activity of plants used in traditional Brazilian medicine. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, v. 24, n. 2, p. 341–350, 2014.
MAHMOUD, R. et al. Effect of flavonoids on insulin resistance and oxidative stress: A review. Current Pharmaceutical Design, v. 25, n. 22, p. 2600–2616, 2019.
MARTINEZ, A. et al. Polyphenols in Diabetes and Related Complications. Nutrients, v. 13, n. 9, p. 3094, 2021.
MATSUI, T. et al. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from natural products. Current Medicinal Chemistry, v. 13, n. 10, p. 1401–1412, 2006.
MUÑOZ-SÁNCHEZ, M. et al. Antioxidant capacity and hypoglycemic activity of Guazuma ulmifolia leaf extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytotherapy Research, v. 33, n. 7, p. 1720–1729, 2019.
OLIVEIRA, C. C. et al. Effect of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves aqueous extract on glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. Journal of Medicinal Food, v. 23, n. 5, p. 482–489, 2020.
PANDAY, A. et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of natural products: Review on recent advances in molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Current Pharmaceutical Design, v. 24, n. 39, p. 4702–4718, 2020.
PASCOE-GONZÁLEZ, S. et al. Administration of herbarium mixture (Guazuma ulmifolia/ Tecoma stans) reduces fasting glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients. Journal of Medicinal Food, v. 24, n. 5, p. 527–532, 2021.
PEREIRA, G. A. et al. Phytochemicals and biological activities of mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.): A review. Food Research International, v. 126, p. 108713, 2019.
PRIETO, J. M. et al. Hypoglycemic plants used in traditional Mexican medicine: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 201, p. 273–284, 2017.
RAHMAN, M. M. et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of medicinal plants in diabetes mellitus. Antioxidants, v. 9, n. 6, p. 502, 2020.
REYNAFARJE, B. et al. Ethnobotanical survey of hypoglycemic plants used by the Andean populations of Peru. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 148, n. 3, p. 716–724, 2013.
RODRIGUES, G. L. et al. Evaluation of metabolic and antioxidant effects of Guazuma ulmifolia in diet-induced obesity model in mice. Phytomedicine, v. 112, p. 154754, 2024.
SÁNCHEZ-MEDINA, A. et al. Ethnopharmacological studies of hypoglycemic plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 114, n. 1, p. 110–116, 2007.
SARWAR, S. et al. Potential of polyphenols in the management of diabetes. Pharmaceutical Biology, v. 56, n. 1, p. 124–138, 2018.
SILVA, J. R. et al. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 228, p. 131–145, 2019.
SOUZA, E. C. et al. Evaluation of the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Guazuma ulmifolia leaves. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, v. 29, n. 3, p. 356–363, 2019.
THOMAS, J. et al. Natural polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Mechanisms and potential. Phytotherapy Research, v. 34, n. 3, p. 617–629, 2020.
VALLADARES-CISNEROS, G. et al. Glucose-lowering effect of Guazuma ulmifolia aqueous extracts in diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 152, n. 1, p. 141–145, 2014.
VIEIRA, A. J. et al. Natural products for the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Frontiers in Pharmacology, v. 10, p. 1357, 2019.
XU, Y. et al. Flavonoids as therapeutics in chronic diseases: Advances and perspectives. Phytotherapy Research, v. 34, n. 1, p. 73–87, 2020.
YANG, J. et al. Polyphenols and their role in diabetes management: Review on mechanisms and clinical evidence. Phytomedicine, v. 67, p. 153–164, 2020.
