POTENCIAL HIPOGLICEMIANTE DA GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA LAM.: UMA REVISÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov16n4-085Palavras-chave:
Guazuma ulmifolia, Hipoglicemiante, Diabetes Mellitus 2, Produtos NaturaisResumo
A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 constitui um dos maiores desafios globais de saúde, demandando alternativas terapêuticas seguras e eficazes. A Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (mutamba), tradicionalmente utilizada na medicina popular latino-americana, tem despertado interesse científico pelo seu potencial hipoglicemiante. Esta revisão reúne e analisa criticamente evidências fitoquímicas, pré-clínicas e clínicas sobre a espécie. Os estudos indicam que seus extratos são ricos em flavonoides, taninos condensados, proantocianidinas e ácidos fenólicos, compostos associados à modulação da captação de glicose, inibição de enzimas digestivas, ação antioxidante e atividade anti-inflamatória. Ensaios in vitro e in vivo demonstram aumento da captação de glicose mediado pela via PI3K/Akt, melhora do perfil lipídico e redução da glicemia em modelos animais. Um ensaio clínico preliminar reportou queda significativa da glicemia de jejum e da HbA1c, embora em formulação combinada, o que limita a atribuição dos efeitos exclusivamente à G. ulmifolia. Apesar dos resultados promissores, persistem lacunas relevantes, como a escassez de ensaios clínicos com extratos isolados e ausência de estudos de toxicidade crônica e farmacocinética. Conclui-se que a G. ulmifolia apresenta elevado potencial como candidata ao desenvolvimento de fitoterápicos para o manejo do diabetes tipo 2, mas requer investigações adicionais que consolidem sua eficácia e segurança.
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